Method of making wrenches



No. s|s,245. I Patented Nov. I, I898. L. a J. H. cuss. METHOD OF MAKINGWRENGHES.

(Application filed Jan. 17, 1898.)

(No Model.)

will; 55 E5.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LORING GOES AND JOHN H. GOES, OF WORCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS,

' ASSIGNORS TO THE GOES WRENCH COMPANY, OF SAME PLACE.

METHOD OF MAKING WRENCHES SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 613,245, dated November 1, 1898.

Application filed January 17, 1898. Serial No. 666,911. (No specimens.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, LORING GOES and JOHN H. GOES, citizens of theUnited States, residing at Worcester, in the county of Worcester andState of Massachusetts, have invented a new and useful Improvement inthe Method of Making Wrenches, of which the following, together with theaccompanying drawings, is a specification sufficiently full, clear, andexact to enable persons skilled in the art to which this inventionappertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to the construction of the handle portion orshank of a wrench and to the novel method of Working and forming themetal in the bar-shank to induce it to assume the desired conformationand to impinge with a strong upward pressure against the end of theferrule as the front and rear edges of the bar-shank are expanded whenthe bar-shank is laterally reduced and flattened after the ferrule hasbeen placed in its finalpermanent position upon the neck of the bar, theobject being to render the process of forging the expanded shankssimple, safe, and convenient and practically successful in the hands ofmoderately-skilled workmen; also, to insure the close contact andcompression of the abutting surfaces upon each other and to obviateliability of the displaced metal closing the pockets beneath theferrule-rim at the flat sides of the shank during the process ofreforging the extended bar shank. These objects we attain by the wrenchor wrench-bar construction and improved mode of manufacture hereinillustrated and described.

In the drawings we especially illustrate the improved construction andmode of manufacture which is the subject of invention in this case.

Figure 1 is a front edge view of the main bar as prepared for theassembling of the various parts thereon. Fig. 2 is a part sectional partside View illustrating another stage in the process of manufacture. Fig.3 is a cross-section at line X X on Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a rear edge viewof the bar at the same stage as that shown in Fig. 2, and Fig. 5 is aside view of the wrench with the handlescale omitted and the ferrule insection and showing the bar-shank as at the completion of its formation.

The parts composing the wrench are a main bar A, having the fixed jaw orhead a. thereon, the usual movable jaw B, adjusting-screw G, with itsrosette G and stepspindle c and the ferrule F, having the projectingpart F for receiving the screw-step, the end rim f, with pocket mthereunder, and the squared-0E top end surface d to fit against theshoulder 01, formed on the bar A at the limit of the handle, all inwell-known form and relative arrangement. Taking the bar as heretoforeformed with the head forged thereon and the front and rear edges "L ofits shank A longitudinally straight and transversely rounded to fit theinterior of the ferrule F, we then, according to our present 'invention,proceed on the following mode: First, in the opposite sides of the barwe form by milling or other means two broad recesses D D, that extendacross the bar-shank just below its neck a as indicated, leaving themetal at a: between the two opposite cavities of a thicknesssubstantially corresponding to thatdesired for the finally-flattenedshank. We then form narrow grooves or notches G transversely across thefront and rear edges of the bar, as best shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 4.These grooves G are located at a position approximately corresponding tothat of the lower end of the ferrule when the latter is in place andabout central in their relation to the recesses D. The groove may bequite narrow-say one sixteenth of an inch or less-just sufficient tosever the outer surface of the bar, and in depth extend into the bar toabout the same dimension as their width. Upon the bar when thus preparedthe mov able jaw, the adj usting-screw, and ferrule are assembled intheir usual locations, the head or rosette occupying the cavity 0 andthe ferrule being forced onto the neck a up to its normal permanentposition firmly against the shoulder d.

After the ferrule is placed in position on the bar we heat the end ofthe bar-shank A and flatten the same laterally by suitably-appliedforce, reducing its thickness and expanding its width at the front andrear edges I, from the outer end thereof up to a position within aboutone-half to three-fourths of an inch from the lower end of the ferrule,thus leaving a portion of the shank at either side, below the recessesD, standing the full thickness, as shown at a Figs. 2 and 4, the edgesadjacent to the bosses at being caused to spread out in the form ofrounded rudimentary shoulders, substantially as shown at e c, thenallowing the shank to cool. Subsequently the bar-shank is subjected toanother heating operation at a point closely adjacent to the ferrule andincluding the previouslyproduced bosses a and these latter are thenflattened or compressed laterally and spread at front and rear, bringingthe bar-shank to the reduced thickness required. The effect of thismethod is that the metal spreads off readily and directly to the frontand rear at the lines established by the transverse grooves G, and inthe formation of the abutments at E the outwardly-forced material bymeeting resistance in the substance of the shoulders e or the cooleredge portion of the shank just below the shoulders is thereby caused totake a more upward direction than it otherwise would do and to becomemore forcibly compacted against the ends of the ferrule and to morefirmly squeeze the ferrule endwise at both the front and rear points ofabutment, thereby producing a very perfect joint therewith withoutrequiring a high degree of skill and care in its production nornecessitating severe heating of the ferrule and neck of the bar abovethe recesses D.

Another advantage of this method is that the pockets m between theferrule-rim f and sides of the shank are not closed or obstructed by theinflow of the compressed metal when flattening and expanding thebar-shank to form the abutments; also, avoiding any difficulty ofreducing the shank under the ferrule-rimf. After the bar-shank is thusforged its edges can be properly dressed off, and the handle iscompleted by the addition of the wood side plates and tip-piece inwell-known manner; but these latter parts are not shown,

as they do not come within the scope of our present invention.

hat we claim as of our invention, and desire to secure by LettersPatent, is-

1. As a novel method or process in the manufacture of wrenches, firstproducing in a bar having a straight shank and shouldered neck, therecesses (as D, D,) in the sides thereof, and the narrow transversegrooves (as G, G,) in the front and rear edges of said bar, thenassembling the parts and placing the ferrule at its permanent positionupon the shouldered neck of said bar, and subsequently heating andflattening that portion of the bar-shank adjacent to and below saidrecesses and broadening the shank from the lines of said grooves outwardand upward against the ferrule end, substantially as set forth.

2. In the manufacture of wrenches of the class specified, the method ofproducing abutting edges on the bar-shank, which consists in primarilyshaping the bar-shank to enter and fit the opening through the ferrule,then forming broad recesses across the opposite sides of said bar-shankand narrow transverse grooves or notches at the front and rear edges ofthe bar, located approximately corresponding to the position of theferrule end; assembling the parts and placing the ferrule in itsposition on said bar, then heating and flattening the end portion of thebar-shank in a manner to produce front and rear proj ecting shoulders,and to leave bosses of metal between the flattened portion and the siderecesses,then subsequently heating the shank adjacent to the ferrule andflattening and spreading said bosses to form the ferrulesupportingabutments, substantially as set forth.

Witness our hands this 13th day of January, 1898.

LORING GOES. JOHN H. GOES. Vvitnesses:

OHAs. H. BURLEIGH, SIMEoN E. KING.

